WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF MOST FASCINATING PHYSICS

    We are protected from cosmic radiation by Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere. At higher altitudes in an airplane and particularly when closer to the North and South poles, this protection is less. During a commercial flight, cosmic radiation is several times higher than on the ground thus it increases the high rate of health risks.  Cosmic radiation comes from the sun and outer space and this c osmic radiation makes up about 1/6th of our  exposure to natural radiation.      E veryone, everywhere, is exposed to all kinds radiation like terrestrial radiation, cosmic radiation, man-made radiation and industrial uses like nuclear radiation. Terrestrial  radiation  comes from the Earth: everything is naturally radioactive, including rock, soil, water, air, animals, plants, and food. Its a natural part of the environment in which we live.   The average dose  from terrestrial radiation is 2 mSv(millisieverts) per year. Mor...

    Raman spectroscopy is named after its discoverer ‘Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman’, the great Indian physicist who discovered it in the year 1928. Later on, Sir C.V. Raman received the most prestigious award, the Nobel prize in Physics in the year 1930 for his great discovery of Raman effect . In fact, Sir C.V. Raman was the first Asian to be awarded a  Nobel Prize in all fields of science “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect named after him in 1930.”  He was the second Indian Nobel Laureate but the first Indian scientist to win Nobel prize.  Raman spectroscopy is a Chemical analysis technique that provides detailed information about the molecular structure without causing any physical and chemical changes. It studies the vibrational modes along with translational and rotational modes of the molecule.      Raman spectroscopy works on the principle of Raman scattering. When a monochromat...

         The  James Webb Space Telescope is the largest and the most powerful space telescope ever built till today.  The interesting fact is that James Webb telescope is very big and its as tall as a 3-story building and as long as a tennis court! It is so big that it has to fold origami-style to fit inside the rocket to launch.  The James Webb Telescope sees the universe in light that is invisible to human eyes. This light is called as   infrared radiation , and we can actually feel it as just heat. The James Webb Space Telescope uses its infrared cameras to see through cosmic dust in our universe. Stars and planets form inside those cosmic dusty clouds, so peeking inside could possibly lead to exciting new discoveries! It will also be able to see objects (like the first galaxies) that are so far away that the expansion of the universe has made their light shift from visible to infrared! Even more interesting fact is that mirrors of this te...

   It is certainly possible that quantum theory may not be exact for larger systems in macroscopic level, although a vast majority of physicists and scientists would cringe even considering the possibility. Actually, t he main point is that quantum theory works so well when i t is typically applied to microscopic systems: molecules, atoms and sub-atomic particles.  So,  there is no real motivation speculating any modification of the basic postulates of quantum theory. There are indeed strong reasons to believe that the basic principles of quantum mechanics are here to stay. Usually, all the attempts to change the rules of quantum physics come from a false motivation which is to "make sense" of quantum theory. But quantum mechanics makes perfect sense because it  allows the calculation of properties and behavior of physical systems at microscopic level for molecules, atoms as well as sub-atomic particles.      Actually, one experiment has prov...

    Practically, if we conduct a scientific experiment within a laboratory controlled small explosion or a blast in a furnace, can anything ever be created out of a violent blast on which ever scale it may be? similarly for a big bang theory too,  instead of construction or creation of universe, any kind of big bang blast or explosion will only lead to unimaginably massive scale of destruction .  For many centuries, we have taken Big bang theory for granted without actually understanding the various other possibilities.   The main draw back and huge flaw in big bang theory is the lack of a credible answer to what has actually caused the big bang. Something that had to actually accelerate the particles and atoms, which caused an explosion. The common response to the question is that there were particles and atoms tightly jammed into one area which is assumed to be highly imaginably hot and dense singularity point, which caused an explosion.     The most...

     Serbian-American physicist engineer and inventor Nikola Tesla is world famous for his marvelous work on electricity and energy. He developed the alternating current system, making it possible to transmit electricity over vast distances, and worked on wireless communication and energy transfer. He was a brilliant scientist and an outstanding electrical engineer, but also very eccentric thinker, claiming to get visions and displaying odd behavior in public like an obsession with personal hygiene and pigeons. Maybe the more enigmatic parts of his personality make him such an interesting subject for conspiracy theories. Tesla is credited to have worked on unknown energy-sources, caused the Tunguska explosion  with his "death-ray" prototype, and supposedly worked on an earthquake-generator.     Tesla's long-held dream was to  create a source of inexhaustible, clean energy that was free  for everyone . He strongly opposed centralized...

In the current changing scenario of climate change due to global  warming, governments of many countries are really encouraging and advising more people to use more public transportation. So, one of the brilliant options is a trans-rapid system of trains operated with  amazing and wonderful technology like Magnetic levitation. This trans-rapid system of  transportation does not require any driver unlike in high-speed trains and moreover, this magnetic levitation technology uses two sets of magnets:  one set to repel and push the train up off the track a nd another set to move the elevated train ahead, taking advantage of the lack of friction.  With this wonderful and advanced technology, the train travels along a guideway of magnets which control the train's stability and speed. While the propulsion and levitation require no moving parts, the bogies can move in relation to the main body of the vehicle and some technologies require support by retractable wheels a...

     The word " Vimana " is a Sanskrit word that literally means "measuring out, traversing" or "having been measured out". So, Vimana is defined as "a car or a chariot of the gods, any self-moving aerial car sometimes serving as a seat or throne, sometimes self-moving and carrying its occupant through the air; other descriptions make the Vimana more like a house or palace or even in temple architectures, and one kind is said to be seven stories high", and quotes the Pushpaka Vimana  of Ravana  as an example from one of the greatest Hindu epics namely Ramayana. It may denote any car or vehicle, especially a bier or a ship as well as a palace of an emperor, especially with seven stories.      More interestingly,  In some Indian languages like Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu,  and Hindi,  vimana   or   vimanam  means "aircraft" , for example in the town name Vimanapura  (a suburb of Bengaluru city ) and Vimannagar, a town...

     In this 21st century, it is really wonderful and quite amazing that from various applications like computers to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly. While science fiction often portrays AI as robots with human-like characteristics, AI can encompass anything from Google’s search algorithms to IBM’s Watson to autonomous weapons.  Artificial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI(or weak AI), in that it is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only internet searches or only driving a car). However, the long-term goal of many researchers is to create general AI(AGI or Strong AI). While narrow AI may outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or solving equations, AGI would really outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.  Since recent developments have made super-intelligent machines possible much sooner than initially thought, the ...

     Each year, around 13 million tonnes of plastic end up in the oceans. That’s the equivalent of a full garbage truck emptying into the ocean every minute.  In the last decade, the world produced more plastic than in the whole last century.  And 50 percent of the plastic we use is single-use or considered ‘disposable.  How can we flip this trend and end plastic pollution?  The ‘3 Rs’ aim to reduce, reuse, and recycle plastic use and consumption. And this year, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has added, "If you can't reuse it, refuse it". " With the current scale of the problem, it is clear that reducing our use and cleaning up our impact is critical to the health of our environment.      So let us see how can Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) help to clean up and prevent plastic pollution using the following ideas: 1. Using the Internet and social media: Firstly, you are reading ...

     The Mission  Apollo  13 accident in April 1970 led to many calls to  end  lunar  missions . Later on, the widespread desire to  end Apollo  after a successful flight and to counter Soviet claims that robotic lunar exploration was safer, cheaper, and more effective than human lunar exploration helped to prolong the  program .     Astronauts often say the reasons humans haven't returned to the lunar surface are budgetary and political hurdles,  not  scientific or technical challenges. Private companies like Blue Origin and SpaceX may be the first entities to return people to the  moon . However,  Landing 14 people on the moon still remain to be one of NASA's greatest achievements of all time history, if not it was the greatest achievement.  Astronauts had collected many rocks, took photos, performed experiments, planted some flags, and then came back home on earth. But those week-long stays duri...